![]() In the seventeenth century, Johann Rudolf Glauber from Karlstadt am Main, Germany used sodium chloride salt and sulfuric acid for the preparation of sodium sulfate in the Mannheim process, releasing hydrogen chloride gas. Other authors claim that pure hydrochloric acid was first discovered by the German benedictine monk Basil Valentine in the 15th century, by heating common salt and green vitriol, whereas others claim that there is no clear reference to the preparation of pure hydrochloric acid until the end of the sixteenth century. įree hydrochloric acid was first formally described in the 16th century by Libavius, who prepared it by heating salt in clay crucibles. Other references suggest that the first mention of aqua regia is in Byzantine manuscripts dating to the end of the thirteenth century. History Īqua regia, a mixture consisting of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, prepared by dissolving sal ammoniac in nitric acid, was described in the works of Pseudo-Geber, the 13th-century European alchemist. The old (pre- systematic) name muriatic acid has the same origin ( muriatic means "pertaining to brine or salt"), and this name is still sometimes used. Both names are still used, especially in non-English languages, such as Template:Lang-de, Template:Lang-nl, and Template:Lang-pl. Hydrochloric acid was known to European alchemists as spirits of salt or acidum salis (salt acid). About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually. ![]() It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. With major production starting in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of vinyl chloride for PVC plastic, and MDI/ TDI for polyurethane. It first appeared during the Renaissance, Template:Verification needed and then it was used by chemists such as Glauber, Priestley and Davy in their scientific research. Historically called acidum salis, muriatic acid, and spirits of salt, hydrochloric acid was produced from vitriol (sulfuric acid) and common salt. Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in gastric acid. It is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. ![]() Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride ( H Cl) in water.
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